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Palace of Shining Happiness
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Originally built by King Taejo, the founder of the Joseon dynasty, the grandest of Seoul palaces served as the principle palace until 1953, when it was burnt down during the Japanese invasions. It lay in ruins for nearly 300 years until Heungseon Daewongun, regent and father of King Gojong, started to rebuild it in 1865, but the expensive rebuilding project nearly bankrupted the government.
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On October 8th 1895, Queen Myeongseong (also known as Queen Min) was killed in her bedroom by Japanese assassins who then burnt her body. It is said only one finger survived the fire. Four months later King Gojong fled from the palace to the nearby Russian legation building and never returned.
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During Japanese colonial rule, most of the palace was destroyed. The Japanese governor general's ugly office block was built inside the walls, but was demolished in 1996, and work on restoring the palace to its former glory is likely to continue for decades. Yet, the government claims that the full restoration of Gwanghwamun is under way and will be completed in 2009.
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